Mineral Insulated Cable (MICC / Pyro): UK Installation Guide
The complete guide to Mineral Insulated Copper Clad (MICC) cable — Pyrotenax brand, magnesium oxide insulation, extreme fire and temperature resistance, specialist termination tools and moisture seals, applications, and honest cost vs benefit analysis.
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Key Takeaways
1Mineral Insulated Copper Clad (MICC) cable — commonly known by the brand name Pyrotenax — uses magnesium oxide as the insulating material and a seamless copper sheath, giving it unmatched fire and temperature resistance.
2MICC cable can operate continuously at conductor temperatures up to 250°C and can withstand direct exposure to flame temperatures exceeding 1000°C — far beyond the capability of any polymer-insulated cable.
3Termination of MICC cable requires a specialist crimping tool kit to fit the pot and seal, and a pot sealing compound to prevent moisture absorption by the hygroscopic magnesium oxide insulation.
4MICC is the cable of choice for emergency lighting, fire alarm, and power circuits in high-risk environments including tunnels, petrochemical facilities, power stations, and high-rise buildings.
5The high installation cost of MICC (typically 3–5× that of FP200 Gold per metre installed) is justified only where extreme fire conditions or very long circuit integrity periods are required.
01 · Installation Guide
What is Mineral Insulated Copper Clad (MICC) Cable?
Mineral Insulated Copper Clad (MICC) cable — universally known in the UK electrical industry by the brand name Pyrotenax — is the highest-performance fire-resistant cable available. It is used wherever conventional polymer-insulated cables would fail under extreme fire or temperature conditions.
MICC cable consists of copper conductors embedded in highly compressed magnesium oxide (MgO) mineral insulation, all enclosed within a seamless drawn copper tube (the sheath). This construction is manufactured by feeding copper conductors through a copper tube packed with magnesium oxide powder, then drawing the assembly down through dies to compact the insulation and reduce the diameter to the finished cable size.
Non-combustible materials throughout — copper and magnesium oxide are both non-combustible. There is no polymer in the cable construction to ignite, burn, or emit toxic gases.
No smoke or toxic gas emission — bare MICC cable produces no smoke and no toxic combustion products, as the materials cannot burn. This makes it particularly valuable in occupied buildings during a fire.
Long service life — the inorganic materials in MICC cable do not age, degrade, or become brittle over time. MICC installations from the 1960s and 1970s are still found in service in many UK buildings.
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02 · Installation Guide
Construction and Materials
Understanding the construction of MICC cable helps explain both its exceptional properties and the specialist handling it requires during installation.
Conductors — annealed copper conductors, available in single-core, 2-core, 3-core, 4-core, and 7-core configurations. Conductor sizes from 1mm² to 240mm² for power applications.
Insulation — highly compressed magnesium oxide (MgO) powder. MgO is a white inorganic compound with a melting point of 2852°C — it cannot burn and does not decompose under fire conditions experienced in buildings. However, it is hygroscopic and must be protected from moisture.
Sheath — seamless drawn copper tube. The copper sheath acts as the outer conductor (providing the earth path), the mechanical protection, and the moisture barrier for the MgO insulation. The sheath must be kept intact and sealed at all termination points.
Oversheath (optional) — an outer PVC or LSF sheath is applied over the copper sheath for corrosion protection and identification. Bare MICC cable (no oversheath) is used indoors in dry, non-corrosive environments.
03 · Installation Guide
Extreme Fire and Temperature Resistance
MICC cable's fire performance far exceeds that of any polymer-insulated fire-resistant cable. This performance advantage is the reason MICC is specified for the most demanding fire-critical circuits.
Continuous operating temperature — up to 250°C for bare MICC (70°C or 105°C with PVC or LSF oversheath). This allows use in high-temperature environments such as boiler rooms, steam generating plant, and industrial processes — far beyond the capability of any conventional cable.
Circuit integrity under fire — MICC can maintain circuit integrity at flame temperatures exceeding 1000°C for periods of 60 minutes and beyond. This exceeds the BS 7629-1 fire test conditions used for FP200 Gold and similar cables.
BS EN 60702-1 compliance — MICC cables are tested and classified to BS EN 60702-1 (mineral insulated cables and their terminations), which specifies construction, test methods, and performance requirements.
For circuits specified to maintain function for 60 or 90 minutes under fire conditions (as required by some fire engineering designs and fire authority specifications), MICC is often the only cable type that can demonstrate compliance with certainty.
04 · Installation Guide
Termination — Tools, Pots, and Moisture Sealing
Correct termination is the most skill-intensive aspect of MICC cable installation. Incorrect termination is the most common cause of MICC installation failures, typically manifesting as low insulation resistance due to moisture ingress.
MICC cutter — used to cut the cable square. A hacksaw or standard cable cutters leave a rough sheath end that is difficult to seal. The MICC cutter produces a square, clean cut.
Sheath stripper — removes the copper sheath without damaging the conductors. Cuts a ring in the sheath and allows the end section to be removed. The reamer tool is then used to remove the MgO insulation from around the conductors.
Termination pot and crimping tool — a brass termination pot is threaded onto the cable conductors and crimped onto the copper sheath using a ratchet crimping tool. The pot provides the gland thread and the base for the sealing compound.
Sealing compound — silicone rubber, epoxy resin, or proprietary compounds (such as Deroxit) are injected or packed into the pot to seal the MgO insulation against moisture. The compound must be allowed to cure fully before the installation is energised.
Seal cut ends immediately — never leave a cut MICC cable end unsealed, even for a short time. The MgO insulation begins absorbing moisture immediately on exposure to air. Pre-terminate or cap with electrician's tape as a temporary measure.
After termination, test insulation resistance between conductors and between each conductor and the sheath earth using a 500V DC insulation resistance tester. Readings below 1MΩ indicate moisture in the insulation. Baking out the cable (heating the termination with a heat gun while the insulation resistance is monitored) can restore readings in mildly damp cables.
05 · Installation Guide
Applications for MICC Cable
MICC cable is specified where no other cable type provides adequate performance. Its high cost means it is reserved for applications where its unique properties genuinely justify the investment.
Fire alarm systems — high-risk — power and detection circuits in high-risk buildings (petrochemical, nuclear, and large hospitals) where 60-minute or 90-minute circuit integrity is required.
Emergency lighting — high-risk — maintained emergency lighting circuits in tunnels, large public buildings, and high-rise buildings where evacuation routes must remain lit for extended periods.
High-temperature environments — wiring in boiler rooms, generator sets, furnaces, steam raising plant, and industrial processes where ambient temperatures exceed the continuous rating of polymer-insulated cables.
Hazardous areas — MICC cable is widely used in Zone 1 and Zone 2 hazardous areas (potentially explosive atmospheres) due to its non-combustible construction and suitability for use with explosion-proof termination fittings.
Interference-sensitive circuits — the copper sheath provides excellent electromagnetic shielding. MICC is used for instrumentation and control cables in industrial environments where EMI shielding is required.
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Both MICC and FP200 Gold are accepted by BS 5839-1 for fire alarm circuits and by BS 5266-1 for emergency lighting. The choice depends on the specific fire engineering requirements and budget.
Choose MICC when — the specification requires 60-minute or 90-minute circuit integrity; the cable will be in an area of extreme fire load; the installation is in a high-temperature environment; or the client or fire engineer explicitly requires MICC.
Choose FP200 Gold when — the specification requires 30-minute circuit integrity (BS 7629-1 minimum); the building is standard commercial or residential; budget is a significant factor; or the programme does not allow for the longer termination time required by MICC.
See the FP200 Gold cable guide for full details on fire-resistant cable for standard fire alarm and emergency lighting installations.
07 · Installation Guide
Installation Cost vs Benefit
MICC cable is significantly more expensive than any alternative fire-resistant cable, both in material cost and installation time. Understanding where this cost is and is not justified is important for project pricing and specification.
Material cost — 2-core 1.5mm² MICC cable is typically 3 to 5 times the price per metre of equivalent FP200 Gold. For large cable quantities, this difference is significant.
Labour cost — MICC termination takes 3 to 4 times longer than FP200 Gold termination per end due to the specialist tools and sealing process required. On a large installation with hundreds of terminations, this has a major impact on project cost.
Tool investment — a complete MICC termination kit costs several hundred pounds and requires maintenance. Electricians who rarely install MICC may need to hire tools or subcontract to a specialist.
Where cost is justified — nuclear, petrochemical, large hospitals, and critical national infrastructure where the cost of circuit failure during a fire is catastrophic. The additional cost of MICC is a small fraction of the total facility value.
08 · Installation Guide
For Electricians: Certifying MICC Installations
MICC cable installations must be certified with the appropriate Electrical Installation Certificate, with test results including insulation resistance values for each conductor to sheath and between conductors. Low insulation resistance on MICC is almost always a termination moisture issue.
Certify MICC Installations on Site
Use the Elec-Mate certificate app to issue Electrical Installation Certificates for MICC installations. Record insulation resistance test results, cable type, and installation details — produce the PDF on site before you leave.
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